Latin America Persian Chart
Political

Latin America Revolutions inspired by Atlantic revolutions
Spain and Portugal in the 18th century colonized Latin America influencing their ways of life and policies. They also greatly exploited the native population if not killing them
There were many revolts including the Haitian, Mexican, Portugal, French, Venezuela and almost all of the South American Nations
The Elite were the Creoles who are people of Spanish Descent born in south America
Soon the Creoles wanted independence but failed miserably due to no involvement on behalf of the native population
Augustine de Iturbide led more revolts in 1820 in Latin America but became emperor of Mexico betraying his goals
Mexico in 1823 gained independence and made its own constitution
In the years after the people revolted against their gov’t in Mexico and gained freedom and a democracy

Simon Bolivar

MAp showing domains in Americas.

Economic

Exports from South America include: coffee grain potato meat fruits
After the revolutions trade stopped
1900’s trade within Europe and Latin America picks up again as the market evolves
Rail road’s allowed for intracontinental trade
Steam ships allowed for intercontinental trade

cartoon depicting how the mark is growing in south america

Religion

Revolutions inspired by enlightenment thinkers
Mexico mostly Catholics
Church played a possibly the biggest role in economy and lifestyle

the symbol of mexican catholicism: Virgen de Gaudalupe

Society

Elites – Creoles
Enlightenment ideas spread to destroy the class ranks of pure white blood
Relations within the King in Europe and in the colony was tense
Slaves were extremely mistreated worse than in the U.S.
Soon tensions relieved as the revolutions led to a more democratized nation
internal revolutions with leaders such as Che Guevara
More modern society as we see it today
Communism in Venezuela and Cuba

castro cubas communist leader

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 caption="Marxist revolutionary Che Guevara fghiting against castro in Cuba"]]

Innovations

Steamboats and railroads helped the economy and to cover large spans quicker than ever before
Road and railroad building further increased this fast travel

1914 Steamboat and train

Arts and Architecture

Diego Rivera- Famous muralist along with his wife Frida Karlo

Famous painting The Uprising by Diego Rivera

Near geographic

Latin America is surrounded by the Atlantic and Pacific
To the North is Canada and U.S.A
Most of Latin America is tropical temperate

Latin American map showing political boundaries

Sources:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBw35Ze3bg8
http://latinamericanhistory.about.com/od/20thcenturylatinamerica/tp/09revolutions.htm
http://www.teacheroz.com/Per5Review.pdf
Daniel Flores P5

East Asia

Political-

The Boxer Uprising in China occurred from 1898-1901 which was a peasant uprising meant to rid China of all foreigners.
Opium wars happened in the 1940's and 50's, they began with Chinese opposition to the British smuggling in to China the highly addictive and illegal opium drug, and it ended with Europe gaining more ports for trade in China.
Chinese population grew to 430 million in 1853.
The state of China was unable to effectively perform its main functions such as tax collection, flood control, social welfare, and public security because it did not enlarge itself with its growing population.
Taiping uprising occurred in China in between 1850 and 1864 it rejected Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism for a unique form of Christianity.
Taiping forces established their capital in Nanjing in 1853.
But by 1864 the Qin Dynasty loyalists crushed this unusual peasant uprising.
In Japan Shoguns ruled until 1850.
By 1750 Japan became one of the most urbanized countries with ten percent of its population living in cities.
The Meiji Restoration was led by a group of young samurai in 1868 and they drew from western thinking.

"Black ships" that invaded Japan leading to the Meiji Restoration.

Bozer Rebellion Cartoon

Chinese men smoking Opium.

Economy-

China's growing population caused growing pressure on the land, smaller farms for China's huge population and all too often this caused unemployment, impoverishments, misery and starvation.
European military pressure also disrupted internal trade routes, created substantial unemployment, and raised peasant taxes.
Both Japan and China traded with European powers, but were led into unequal treaties.
Soon Japan became the only country outside of the United States to go through and industrial revolution.
Well functioning markets in Japan linked urban and rural areas, making Japan an emerging capitalist economy.

paper money

Religion-

Taiping forces in China brought a unique form of Christianity to China.
Hong Xiuquan, the leading figure of the Taiping uprisings, claimed to be the younger brother of Jesus, sent to cleanse the world of demons and establish peace.
Japan incorporated many religions into its society such as Shinto, Buddhism, and Christianity.

Hong Xiuquan

Society-

Peasant rebellions began during this time in China especially.
During the short lived Taiping rule, women gained more rights but with the return of the Qin dynasty these rights were revoked.
Japan became fascinated with the west for a time and they began to combine foreign and Japanese elements.
Women in both Japan and China were seen as only wives and mothers.

Peasant Rebellions in china

Japanese and Western elements are mixed in this image of Japanese women.

Intellectuals, Inventions, Innovations-

Disillusioned with the Qin Dynasty, people began to organize a variety of clubs, study groups, and newspapers to examine China's desperate situation.
The name of these organizations where the National Rejuvenation Society, Society to Protect the Nation, and Understand the National Shame society.
Qui Jin, the rebellious daughter of a gentry family, left her husband and two children to study in Japan, she started a women's journal, and often dressed in males clothing. She made a difference in feminist movements of China.
Confucian influence in Japan encouraged education and generated a more literate population, 40% of men and 15% of women were able to read and write.
Japanese students were sent to study abroad.
Fukuzawa Yukichi was the most prominent popularizer of Western Knowledge in Japan.

Qiu JIn

Fukuzawa Yukichi

Art/Architecture-

Prints became popular in Japan.
Women also began to be portrayed as more westernized in both Japanese and Chinese art.
And political cartoons also began to be used in newspapers or in ads.

Japanese print

Near Geography-

Both China and Japan were located in the same are that they are today during the Modern Era.
After the Modern Era Japan gained control of both Korea and Taiwan.
And many areas around China were under Europen control such as India by the British and Indochina by the French.

citations:Ways of the World by Robert W. Strayer
Carla Viesca

Russia and Western Europe-
Political

Catherine the Great continues legacy of past Czars through expansion
After Napoleon’s invasions in 1812, Russian leaders fought to protect their power from Enlightenment ideals
Tsars were conservative intellectuals that remained connected with Western trends
After the Decembrist uprising, Nicholas I turned to conservatism
Conservatism and the lack of a middle class helped Russia avoid the revolutions in European in 1830 and 1848
Polish nationalism in 1831 was suppressed
Russia supported Balkan nationalism to weaken the Turks The Emancipation of the Serfs did not give the serfs any political freedom and peasant uprisings continued due to harsh conditions
In the 1860s and 1870s Alexander II began military reforms, improved law codes, and created zemstoves, local political councils. Zemstoves had no influence on national policies. After the 1860s, ethnic minorities began demand for national recognition.
Peasant unrest was increased by taxes, population pressure, and recurrent famines. Business and professional people wanted more personal and political rights
In western Europe there was constitutional monarchies and rivalries between nations

Economic-

Russia’s economy remained agrarian, falling behind the industrialized west
Stricter labor obligations were imposed on the serfs as to increase production.
Their defeat in the Crimean War (1854-1856) reflected how far Russia had fallen behind the west even after defeat of Napoleon’s forces
Convinced by the Crimean war that reform was needed, Alexander II emancipated the serfs in 1861. The serfs however, were tied to their villages until they paid for the land they received. This, along with high taxes kept former serfs poor.
While the emancipation created a larger workforce, it did not encourage agricultural productivity.
Industrialization was part of the pattern of reform. The state played an important role in capital formation and investment, since Russia lacked a middle class.
In the 1870s, a railway system was created. This allowed for more efficient use of Russia’s natural resources and shipped grain to the west, helping to finance industrialization. By the 1880s factories were developing in major cities.
Mercantilism really took off in Western Europe as well as the mass production of goods and global trade

Religion-

In Western Europe there were protestant religions
Russian Orthodox
Catholics, mostly in Western Ukraine, who follow the Greek rite, not the Roman Rite
In Russia there were many Old Believers - a breakaway sect of Russian Orthodoxy.
Protestantism was not widely practiced there

Social-

During Alexander II’s reforms in the 1860s and 1870s some women gained access to higher education and professions
The masses of Russian citizens were only slightly affected by industrialization and a middle class was not significant
Russia remained a traditional peasant society
In western Europe enlighten ideas gave women a rise
There was an end of slave trade
Racism still existed

Intellectual-

During Alexander II’s reforms in the 1860s and 1870s literacy increased and a market for popular reading material developed
During the late 19th century scientists such as Mendel and Pavlov advanced in genetics and physiology
In Western Europe the Industrial Revolution was occurring
mass production with products
technology was improving and getting more advanced

Arts-

During the late 19th century eastern Europe and Russia had a period of cultural productivity.
Russian novelists and music composers gained fame
beginning of modernization in Western Europe
art—abstract art,
cubism, impressionism

Near Geographic-

Located in Eastern Europe and covering over 6.5 million sq miles, Russia stretches from the arctic islands in the Barents Sea Caucasus Mountains in the southern border
Russia consists of vast plains in the west and north and mountains in the south and east
Russia is rich in natural resources and has a harsh climate

http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/the-russian-empire-1750-1900/deck/5939588
http://www.historyhaven.com/joomla2/index.php/1750-to-1900
http://www.timetoast.com/timelines/russia-1750s-1900s
Ways of the World by Robert W. Strayer

Veronica Bailey

Sub-Saharan Africa

P- The scramble for Africa was the competition of European powers- Britain, Belgium, France, and Germany- to gain political control of parts of Africa mostly because of its mineral riches.

-Europeans peacefully negotiated with each other and divided the continent to their liking, completely ignoring religion and cultural divisions among the indigenous peoples.

-Europeans gained political power through violent military force. There were small acts of resistance from the natives, but European man-power and technology quickly overpowered the natives. Societies in Africa were often divided between those who favored and those who opposed European rule.

Division of Africa by European powers

E- Europeans focused on African mineral riches and advances led to the mass production of light, artillery, and transportation such as railroads.

-European agrarians and merchants relied heavily on African supervisors and financial experts to hire the work force and buy crops. They also were pushed to use scientific agricultural methods to make the crops grow faster and bigger.

-Europeans saw their African colonies as a type of backup for raw materials and also as a surplus of food goods for their mainlands.

-African colonies helped Europe gain a leading position in the world’s economy by providing mineral goods, such as gold and other raw materials with a cheap labor force.

-In some colonies, European rulers set production requirements for Africans who were often killed or had a limb amputated if it wasn’t met.

Mine in South Africa in the Early 1900's

R- Eastern and western African peoples originally practiced animalistic religions with mystical natural and spiritual aspects.

-Europeans tried to convert Africans to Christianity and often banned traditional practices and rituals of native Africans.

-Women and children were often the main focus of the missions where they found more social opportunities.

-Christianity became assimilated to African animalistic religions, allowing for more acceptance of the new religion among the people. African catechists were more successful in converting the natives than Europeans were.

Missionaries trying to convert African children to Christianity

S- European colonizers and natives were very separated and hardly interacted with each other. Living spaces were segregated.

-As more European settlers and missionaries arrived to the colonies, they became more segregated.

-White women almost never encountered black natives, but did have African nannies and housekeepers.

-Europeans were overall viewed as superior being to the African natives due to racial hierarchy determined by scientific experiments in which it was concluded that white people were superior to all other races.

-Europeans believed African people were “backwards and primitive”.

Diagram of Social Hierarchy

-Educated Africans were still inferior to whites, and African women were allowed to work in small, local markets.

I- Roads and railways were the major form of transportation of people and materials from town to town. European technological advances were taken to Africa, but were only worked by Europeans.

-Metallurgical advances allowed the innovation of artillery for African armies. Artillery became lighter, faster, and more accurate than before.

-Steam powered ships replaced sail boats.

Steam ships in the 1900's

A- The European colonizers built churches andmissions throughout Africa.

-Colonial buildings separated from natives’ huts were built for European colonizers.

- Zulus, Nguni, and Swazi built frame domes with aligned hoops. Mats at the bottom of domes were a common form of decoration.

-Christianity influenced architecture as well as British and Dutch Victorian styles around the coast.

Central African Art in the 1800's

N- South of the Saharan desert, west of the Atlantic Ocean, and east of the Indian Ocean.

-Main rivers- Congo and Zambezi rivers. Lake Victoria was also important

-Africa was split up and divided by European global powers into many distinct colonies that did not reflect on earlier borders.

Geographical map of Africa

1750-1900 Modern

East Asia

Political-

Economy-

Religion-

Society-

Intellectuals, Inventions, Innovations-

Art/Architecture-

Near Geography-